It’s one of the most iconic images of war ever made: a Spanish Civil War militiaman at the moment of collapse after being fatally shot. But Robert Capa’s celebrated Falling Soldier photograph has also been called faked, and now a new book by a Spanish researcher claims the picture could not have been made where, when, or how Capa’s admirers and heirs have claimed.

José Manuel Susperregui writes that the photo was taken not at Cerro Muriano, just north of Córdoba, but near another town, about 35 miles away and far from the battle lines when Capa was there. After examining the mountains in the background of other photos from the same sequence in which Falling Soldier was taken, Susperregui identified what he says is the picture’s correct location. As a result, he concludes, the image was staged. Still, experts at the International Center of Photography in Manhattan, where Capa’s archive is stored, say that while some aspects of Susperregui’s investigation may be convincing in terms of the photo’s location, that doesn’t prove it was fabricated. “That’s a leap that I think needs a lot more research and a lot more study,” the center’s director says.

Read more at the New York Times.