It is no surprise that the popular uprisings sweeping the Middle East should have an impact on the Venice Biennale, the international showcase of art, culture, and political soft power, and now the first embattled countries have begun to withdraw from participation. Bahrain, the tiny Gulf nation that was to make its first appearance at the Biennale this year, has backed out amid violent crackdowns at home, and Lebanon has likewise called off its sophomore pavilion. Meanwhile, Egypt's participation remains something of a question mark.

Bahrain's inability to send an artist to Venice is especially unfortunate since last year the country had its first appearance at the Venice Architecture Biennale and walked away with the Golden Lion for best pavilion. Curated by architects Noura Al-Sayeh and Fuad Al-Ansari, the national display focused on plans to develop areas along its shores where water has receded and included three traditional fisherman's huts. The jury was impressed with its "lucid and forceful self-analysis of the nation's relationship with its rapidly changing coastline." It is unclear whether Bahrain had already chosen a curator and artist for its appearance in the Venice Biennale this June.

As for Lebanon, it skipped the 2009 Biennale but had its own national pavilion for the first time in 2007, curated by Saleh Barakat and Sandra Daghe with the participation of artists Fouad Elkoury, Lamia Joreige, Walid Sadek, Mounira Al Solh, and Akram Zaatari. The exhibit had the official support of Lebanon, but was funded by private donations from the Lebanese community. The 2007 curators' statement said that Lebanon was joining the Biennale "at a time of grave political crisis in the country — when the concept of the nation has once again been called rather roughly, even violently into question."

This time around political instability has led the country to withdraw from the event entirely. The curator was to have been Georges Rabbath, who had titled the pavilion "Lebanon As a State of Mind." Ten artists were to have been featured: Annabel Daou, Etel Adnan, Marya Kazoun, Cornelia Krafft, Ricardo Mbarkho, Samer Mohdad, Jacko Restikian, Shawki Youssef, Camille Zakharia, and CPS (Chamber of Public Secrets). Daou, who grew up in Lebanon and moved to the United States at age 18, told ARTINFO that she received a letter from the culture minister about 10 days ago stating that Lebanon would not participate in the Biennale. Daou said that "I thought possibly there might be issues... obviously these things are difficult," but that she didn't expect the pavilion to be canceled after plans were so advanced. Lebanon's coalition government fell apart in January, and so far the country has been unable to form a new one.

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As for the status of Egypt's participation, despite Biennale president Paolo Baratta's announcement at a Friday press conference that the country would not participate in the exhibition this year, it seems the country does in fact plan to proceed. According to Fatenn Mostafa of the Cairo
Arts Initiative, newly-appointed culture minister Emad Abou
Ghazi has confirmed Egypt's participation in the Biennale and has
chosen Ahmed Bassiouny to represent the country. A Biennale representative, however, told ARTINFO that the organizers are still awaiting confirmation from Egypt.

Bassiouny died
on the fourth day of Egypt's uprising, and Mostafa told ARTINFO that the pavilion will showcase the late artist's "work as well as his January 25 revolution videos." Already an icon of the revolution, Bassiouny was depicted by Cairo artist Ganzeer in his
portrait series of martyred activists. In 2009, the Egyptian pavilion showed the work of artists Adel el
Siwi and Ahmed Askalany, which the Independent's Michael Glover called "the
tenderest and most haunting work in the Giardini."

In another positive piece of Biennale news from the region, Iraq, dealing with its own postwar turmoil, will
nevertheless present its first pavilion in Venice since 1976, under the
curatorship of Mary Angela Schroth and with support from Iraq's
ministry of culture, the Arab Fund for Arts and Culture, and the
Iraq embassy in Italy. Two generations of Iraqi artists will be
presented, starting with Ali Assaf, Azad Nanakli, and Walid
Siti, who were born in the 1950s. Abel Abidin, Halim Al
Karim, and Ahmed Alsoudani represent a later generation that
grew up during the Iran-Iraq War and the invasion of Kuwait.